![]() There seems to be a natural loss of about 10˚ rotation of the neck up to preschool age. This is ten degrees less than for healthy infants with a mean of 110˚ (SD 6.2˚). The reference values for Passive ROM (PROM) in rotation of the neck for healthy children aged 3.5 to 5 years have been shown to be mean 100.1˚ (SD 7.7˚). We need more knowledge about the status of the cervical spine for the growing child with a history of CMT. At later ages some children are found to be in need of surgery in spite of an excellent or good result as an infant. An excellent treatment result when the child is less than one year old may not last long-term. However, the child is a growing individual and this fact may change the status of the cervical spine over the years. Treatment mostly gives an excellent or good result within the first year. The cause of CMT has been discussed but it seems likely to be the sequela of intrauterine or perinatal compartment syndrome. found that 16% of newborns had torticollis. The reported incidence of CMT is 0.4% - 2.0%, however the incidence may be higher as Stellwagen et al. This imbalance is not found in healthy infants. they have a lack of muscular strength and endurance around the neck on the non-affected side and sometimes an excessive muscular strength on the affected side. For infants/ children with CMT there is also an imbalance in muscle function i.e. These factors ought to be taken into consideration when developing guidelines for long-term follow-up.Ĭongenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a result of shortening or excessive contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, often with limited Range of Motion (ROM) of the neck, in rotation on the affected side and in lateral flexion on the non-affected side. Conclusion: Possible risk factors for later asymmetric PROM are: gender, birth weight, gestation week and PROM in rotation as infants. Forty-five percent of the children had some degree of muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck. Multiple regression showed that gender and PROM in rotation as infants had a significant impact on asymmetric PROM. Symmetric PROM of the neck was found in 74% of the children for rotation and in 88% of the children for lateral flexion. Result: PROM in rotation of the neck was mean 98.7˚ and PROM in lateral flexion of the neck was mean 69.1˚. Data from infancy were taken from earlier records. Method: PROM was measured with protractors and muscle function was estimated with a modified Muscle Function Scale. Patient sample: 58 children at the age of 3.5 to 5 years that had been treated for CMT have infants participated in the study. Study design: a prospective cohort study. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate passive range of motion (PROM) for rotation and lateral flexion, and muscle function of the cervical spine in children that had a history of CMT as infants. Keywords: Congenital Muscular Torticollis Cervical Spine Passive Range of Motion Rotation Muscle Function Childrenīackground: Infants with congenital muscular torticollis are born with an asymmetric range of motion and a muscular imbalance in the cervical spine, as a result of a shortening or excessive contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Received 6 September 2013 revised 8 October 2013 accepted 15 October 2013 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden © 2013 Anna M. ![]()
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